Seismic exploration in tunneling using full waveform inversion with a frequency domain model

Abstract With the knowledge of geology in front a tunnel, excavation process can be optimized to avoid damage at tunnel boring machine and settlements on surface. Therefore, dwell times decreased additional expenses avoided. Transmitted seismic waves will spread, reflected refracted due geological changes. By utilizing geophones, captured information about structure extracted from measured seismograms using e.g. concept full waveform inversion. A frequency domain model has been employed demonstrate potential inversion for reconnaissance environment. The success procedure depends strongly positions utilized sender receiver stations, chosen initial material parameter distribution, selected groups Further challenges are an accurate representation reflecting surfaces application absorbing borders oppress reflections artificial boundaries, which delimit analyzed domain. results performed synthetic models 3D configuration with different disturbances ahead face discussed. Additionally, influence locations stations analyzed.